Basic knowledge and setting of hardware

Enable/disable built-in perpherals

Linux provides several commands to manage kernel modules, which control hardware devices:

• modprobe: Intelligently adds or removes modules from the kernel
• insmod: Inserts a module into the kernel
• rmmod: Removes a module from the kernel
• lsmod: Lists currently loaded kernel modules

Differences between mas storage devices

These tools allow administrators to dynamically enable or disable hardware components without rebooting the system.

• HDD (Hard Disk Drive):
  • Uses magnetic storage
  • Slower than SSDs
  • More affordable per GB

• SSD (Solid State Drive):
  • Uses flash memory
  • Significantly faster than HDDs
  • More expensive per GB
  • Lower power consumption

More durable due to lack of moving parts

• Optical storage:
  • Uses laser to read/write data
  • /Slower than both HDDs and SSDs
  • Primarily used for removable media (CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray)

Linux provides several methods to gather hardware information

• lsusb: Lists USB devices
• lspci: Lists PCI devices
• /sys/: A virtual filesystem providing detailed hardware information
• /proc/: Another virtual filesystem with system and hardware data
• /dev/: Contains device files for interacting with hardware

The primary tool for USB device management is lsusb, which

• Lists all USB devices connected to the system
• Provides detailed information about USB devices
• Can be used with various options for more specific data

Understanding sysfs, udev, and dbus

• sysfs:
  • A virtual filesystem mounted at /sys
  • Exports kernel device information to userspace
  • Provides a hierarchical view of system devices
• udev:
  • The device manager for the Linux kernel
  • Creates/removes device nodes in /dev dynamically
  • Uses rules to name devices and set permissions
  • Monitors sysfs for device changes
• dbus:
  • A message bus system for inter-process communication
  • Allows applications to communicate with each other
  • Used by desktop environments for hardware-related events